Litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenicke dikarolo tsa bohlokwa diindastering tse hlokang polokelo le ho tsamaiswa ha dikgase tse metsi mochesong o tlase haholo. Ditanka tsena di etseditswe ho boloka dintho di le mochesong o batang haholo, hangata di le ka tlase ho -150°C (-238°F), e le ho di boloka di le boemong ba tsona ba mokelikeli. Molao-motheo o sebetsang wa ditanka tsa polokelo ya cryogenic o itshetlehile hodima melao ya thermodynamics le boenjiniere e netefatsang polokeho le bokgoni ba ho boloka dintho tsena.
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic ke sistimi ea ho thibela ho ruruha. Hangata tanka e na le mabota a mabeli, 'me lebota le ka ntle le sebetsa e le lera le sireletsang 'me lebota le ka hare le tšoere khase e metsi. Sebaka se pakeng tsa mabota a mabeli sea tlosoa ho etsa vacuum, e leng se fokotsang phetiso ea mocheso le ho thibela tahlehelo ea mocheso o matla. Sistimi ena ea ho thibela ho ruruha e bohlokoa ho boloka mocheso o tlase ka har'a tanka le ho thibela khase e metsi ho fetoha mouoane.
Ntle le sistimi ea ho kenya mocheso,litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenichape sebelisa thepa e khethehileng ho mamella mocheso o batang haholo. Thepa e sebelisoang kahong ea litanka tsena e khethoa ka hloko ho netefatsa hore e lumellana le lintho tse bakang cryogenic le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho mamella mocheso o tlase ntle le ho robeha kapa ho lahleheloa ke botsitso ba sebopeho sa tsona. Tšepe e sa ruseng le li-alloy tsa aluminium li sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa kaho ea sejana se ka hare, ha tšepe ea carbon e atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa khetla e ka ntle. Thepa ena e feta litekong tse thata le mehatong ea taolo ea boleng ho netefatsa hore e loketse lits'ebetso tsa cryogenic.
Poloko le ho tsamaisoa ha dintho tse bakang ho ruruha ho boetse ho hloka tshebediso ya di-valve le di-fitting tse ikgethang tse ka sebetsang hantle mochesong o tlase. Dikarolo tsena di etseditswe ho thibela ho dutla le ho boloka botsitso ba tanka, esita le tlasa maemo a feteletseng a polokelo e bakang ho ruruha. Ho feta moo, ditanka di na le disebediswa tsa ho fokotsa kgatello ho thibela kgatello e feteletseng le ho netefatsa polokeho ya sistimi ya polokelo.
Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic o boetse o kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea litsamaiso tsa sehatsetsi ho boloka mocheso o tlase ka har'a tanka. Litsamaiso tsena li etselitsoe ho tlosa mocheso ka tankeng khafetsa le ho laola mocheso oa khase e metsi ho e boloka e le boemong ba eona ba mokelikeli. Litsamaiso tsa sehatsetsi li entsoe ka hloko le ho beoa leihlo ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle ebile lia tšepahala, kaha ho hloleha leha e le hofe ho ka fella ka tahlehelo ea mocheso oa cryogenic le mouoane o ka bang teng oa lintho tse ka har'a tanka.
Liindastering tse kang tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, ts'ebetso ea lijo le tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng le ho tsamaiseng lintho tse kang naetrojene e metsi, oksijene e metsi le helium e metsi. Lintho tsena li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho tloha ho bolokeng lisampole tsa baeloji le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka ho isa ho makenete a superconducting a pholileng le thepa ea semiconductor. Ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang ea litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic e bohlokoa ho netefatsa boteng le boleng ba lintho tsena bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri.
Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic le oona oa bohlokoa lefapheng la polokelo ea matla le lipalangoang. Khase ea tlhaho e metsi (LNG) le haedrojene e metsi li ntse li sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng e le mafura a mang bakeng sa likoloi le tlhahiso ea motlakase. Polokelo le lipalangoang tsa lintho tsena tse metsi li hloka litanka tse khethehileng tse metsi tse ka bolokang mocheso o tlase le ho sebetsana le thepa e ikhethang ea maro ana. Melao-motheo ea polokelo ea cryogenic e bohlokoa ho netefatseng tšebeliso e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang ea mafura ana a mang.
Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic le oona o bohlokoa indastering ea lifofane, moo li-propellant tsa cryogenic tse kang oksijene e metsi le haedrojene e metsi li sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa ho tsamaisa lirokete. Li-propellant tsena li hloka ho bolokoa le ho tsamaisoa mochesong oa cryogenic ho boloka boima ba tsona bo phahameng le ho netefatsa ho cha hantle nakong ea ho nyoloha ha rokete. Litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho faneng ka meralo ea motheo e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho boloka le ho sebetsana le li-propellant tsena indastering ea lifofane.
Qetellong, molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oalitanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenice ipapisitse le melao-motheo ea thermodynamics, boenjiniere le saense ea thepa. Litanka tsena li etselitsoe ho boloka mocheso o tlase o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho boloka le ho tsamaisa likhase tse metsi, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho ea sistimi ea polokelo. Mekhoa ea ho kenya mocheso, thepa, li-valve le litsamaiso tsa sehatsetsi tse sebelisoang litankeng tsa polokelo ea cryogenic li entsoe ka hloko le ho lekoa ho tobana le liphephetso tse ikhethang tsa ho sebetsana le lintho tse metsi. Ebang ke lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri, tsa matla, kapa tsa lifofane, litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho netefatsa boteng le ts'ebeliso e sireletsehileng ea likhase tse metsi mochesong o tlase haholo.
Nako ea poso: Hlakola-03-2024
