Litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenicke likarolo tsa bohlokoa liindasteri tse hlokang ho bolokoa le ho tsamaisoa ha likhase tse nang le metsi ka mocheso o tlase haholo. Litanka tsena li etselitsoe ho boloka lintho li le mochesong oa cryogenic, hangata ka tlase ho -150 ° C (-238 ° F), e le ho li boloka li le boemong ba tsona ba mokelikeli. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic o thehiloe holim'a thermodynamics le melao-motheo ea boenjiniere e netefatsang polokeho le katleho ea ho boloka lintho tsena.
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic ke sistimi ea ho futhumatsa. Hangata tanka e na le marako a mabeli, 'me lebota le ka ntle le sebetsa e le lera le sireletsang le lerako le ka hare le tšoereng khase e metsi. Sebaka se pakeng tsa marako a mabeli sea tlosoa ho etsa vacuum, e fokotsang ho fetisa mocheso le ho thibela tahlehelo ea mocheso oa cryogenic. Sistimi ena ea ho kenya letsoho e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka mocheso o tlase ka har'a tanka le ho thibela khase e metsi ho tsoa mouoane.
Ntle le sistimi ea insulation,litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenichape sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho mamella mocheso o batang haholo. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ha ho hahoa litanka tsena li khethiloe ka hloko ho netefatsa hore li lumellana le lintho tsa cryogenic le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho mamella mocheso o tlaase ntle le ho senyeha kapa ho lahleheloa ke botšepehi ba bona ba sebopeho. Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang le aluminium li atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa kaho ea sekepe se ka hare, ha tšepe ea carbon e atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa khetla e ka ntle. Lisebelisoa tsena li etsa liteko tse thata le mehato ea taolo ea boleng ho netefatsa hore li loketse lits'ebetso tsa cryogenic.
Ho boloka le ho tsamaisa lintho tsa cryogenic ho boetse ho hloka hore ho sebelisoe li-valve le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse ka sebetsang ka katleho mocheso o tlaase. Likarolo tsena li etselitsoe ho thibela ho lutla le ho boloka botšepehi ba tanka, esita le tlas'a maemo a feteletseng a polokelo ea cryogenic. Ho feta moo, litanka li na le lisebelisoa tsa ho imolla khatello ho thibela khatello e feteletseng le ho netefatsa polokeho ea sistimi ea polokelo.
Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic o boetse o kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa sehatsetsing ho boloka mocheso o tlase ka har'a tanka. Lisebelisoa tsena li etselitsoe ho tsoela pele ho tlosa mocheso ka tanka le ho laola mocheso oa khase e nang le mokelikeli ho boloka boemo ba eona ba mokelikeli. Lisebelisoa tsa lihatsetsi li entsoe ka hloko le ho behoa leihlo ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle le ho tšepahala, kaha ho hlōleha leha e le hofe ho ka fella ka tahlehelo ea mocheso oa cryogenic le mouoane o ka bang teng oa lintho tse ka hare ho tanka.
Liindastering tse kang tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, ts'ebetso ea lijo le tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng le ho tsamaisa lintho tse kang naetrojene ea metsi, oksijene ea metsi le helium ea metsi. Lintho tsena li sebelisoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso, ho tloha ho boloka lisampole tsa baeloji le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka ho isa ho limmanete tse pholisang tsa superconducting le lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. Ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le e sebetsang ea litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic e bohlokoa ho netefatsa boteng le boleng ba lintho tsena bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri.
Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic o boetse oa hlokahala tšimong ea polokelo ea matla le lipalangoang. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) le liquid hydrogen li ntse li sebelisoa haholo e le libeso tse ling bakeng sa likoloi le ho fehla motlakase. Ho boloka le ho tsamaisa lintho tsena tsa cryogenic ho hloka litanka tse khethehileng tsa cryogenic tse ka bolokang mocheso o tlaase le ho sebetsana le thepa e ikhethang ea maro ana. Melao-motheo ea polokelo ea cryogenic e bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng le e sebetsang ea libeso tsena tse ling.
Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa litanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenic o bohlokoa hape indastering ea sefofane, moo li-propellants tsa cryogenic tse kang metsi a oksijene le hydrogen ea metsi li sebelisoang mekhoeng ea ho tsamaisa rocket. Li-propellants tsena li hloka ho bolokoa le ho tsamaisoa ka mocheso oa cryogenic ho boloka boima ba tsona bo phahameng le ho netefatsa hore li tuka hantle nakong ea ho nyoloha ha rokete. Litanka tsa polokelo tsa Cryogenic li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho boloka le ho sebetsana le li-propellants tsena indastering ea lifofane.
Qetellong, molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oalitanka tsa polokelo ea cryogenice thehiloe holim'a melao-motheo ea thermodynamics, boenjiniere le saense ea lintho tse bonahalang. Litanka tsena li etselitsoe ho boloka mocheso o tlase o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho boloka le ho tsamaisa likhase tse nang le mokelikeli, ha ho ntse ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho ea sistimi ea polokelo. Sistimi ea ho futhumatsa, lisebelisoa, li-valve, le sistimi ea sehatsetsi e sebelisoang litankang tsa polokelo ea cryogenic li entsoe ka hloko le ho lekoa ho tobana le liphephetso tse ikhethang tsa ho sebetsana le lintho tsa cryogenic. Ebang ke lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri, matla, kapa tsa sefofane, litanka tsa polokelo tsa cryogenic li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa ho ba teng le ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng ea likhase tse nang le mokelikeli mochesong o tlase haholo.
Nako ea poso: Feb-03-2024
